24-hour shift schedule: Types, examples & tips

What do hospital emergency rooms, manufacturing plants, public safety departments, and round-the-clock diners have in common? It’s the promise of service that never sleeps.
But while customers enjoy round-the-clock service, owners and managers face the challenge of scheduling enough employees to cover all those long hours. And one misstep can lead to staff burnout, higher turnover, and disruptions in your operations.
So how do you find the right pattern for your unique business needs? And once you’ve picked one, how do you put it into action smoothly? We’ll answer these questions and provide you with practical guidance to navigate the process with confidence.







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5 types of 24-hour shift schedules
While it’s not easy to run a 24/7 operation, strategically assigning shifts and workloads to team members can ensure employee well-being and enhance overall productivity. Here are the most common shift schedules that both small and larger businesses use:

4-on-4-off 
2-2-3
Dupont
4-on-3-off
Continental shift pattern

4-on-4-off
The 4-on-4-off schedule is a rotating work schedule where employees work for four consecutive days, followed by four consecutive days off. And during the four workdays, they typically work longer shifts (ten or twelve hours) for continuous coverage. 
This cycle repeats, creating a predictable pattern for both you and your employees.
Here’s a simple example: 
Employee A’s schedule:

Day 1: Work
Day 2: Work
Day 3: Work
Day 4: Work
Day 5-8: Off

Employee B’s schedule:

Day 1-4: Off
Day 5: Work
Day 6: Work
Day 7: Work
Day 8: Work

Example
Let’s consider a 24/7 healthcare facility where you decide to implement 12-hour shifts. To create the schedule , you need to determine the start date and assign employees to specific shifts. 
Let’s assume you have a team of ten healthcare professionals. The first day of your schedule is Monday, and you assign all employees to one of the following shifts:

Shift A: 7:00am – 7:00pm
Shift B: 7:00am – 7:00pm

Here’s how this schedule might look for the first 28-day cycle:



Day
Date
Shift A
Shift B


1
Monday
Employee 1
Employee 6


2
Tuesday
Employee 2
Employee 7


3
Wednesday
Employee 3
Employee 8


4
Thursday
Employee 4
Employee 9


5
Friday
Employee 5
Employee 10


6-9
Saturday-Tuesday
Employee 1
Employee 6


10-13
Wednesday-Saturday
Employee 2
Employee 7


14-17
Sunday-Wednesday
Employee 3
Employee 8


18-21
Thursday-Sunday
Employee 4
Employee 9


22-25
Monday-Thursday
Employee 5
Employee 10


26-28
Friday-Sunday
Employee 1
Employee 6



2-2-3
In the 2-2-3 schedule, employees work in cycles of two days on, two days off, and then three days on. This pattern repeats, allowing for an equal distribution of workdays and days off throughout the week. Each 24-hour period is covered by one shift, which ensures there are no gaps in coverage.
Example
Let’s say you’ve got four teams of truck drivers. With a 2-2-3 schedule, each driver is assigned a specific shift (day or night). The days they work would change from week to week, ensuring that all days are covered.
Remember, the starting point of the 2-2-3 cycle for each driver is different, which allows the business to run 24/7.
Here’s how the 2-2-3 schedule can be applied:
Week 1:



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Day
Night
Rest
Rest


Tuesday
Day
Night 
Rest
Rest


Wednesday 
Rest
Rest 
Night
Day


Thursday
Rest
Rest
Night 
Day


Friday
Day
Night
Rest
Rest


Saturday
Day
Night
Rest
Rest


Sunday
Day
Night
Rest
Rest



 
Week 2: 



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night 


Tuesday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night


Wednesday 
Day
Night 
Rest
Rest


Thursday
Day
Night
Rest
Rest


Friday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night


Saturday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night


Sunday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night



 
Week 3: 



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Night 
Day
Rest
Rest


Tuesday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Wednesday 
Rest
Rest
Day
Night


Thursday
Rest
Rest
Day
Night


Friday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Saturday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Sunday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest



 
Week 4: 



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Rest 
Rest
Night
Day


Tuesday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Wednesday 
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Thursday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Friday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Saturday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Sunday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day



Dupont
The Dupont schedule is a 12-hour rotating shift pattern. It requires four teams — each following their own four-week schedule — to provide 24/7 coverage — with two teams working at all times. After each four-week period, the work schedule resets, and the cycle repeats.
Example
Let’s consider a manufacturing plant that operates 24/7 with four teams divided into night and day shifts:
Week 1:



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Tuesday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Wednesday 
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Thursday
Night
Rest
Day
Rest


Friday
Rest
Night
Day
Rest


Saturday
Rest
Night
Day
Rest


Sunday
Rest
Night
Day
Rest



 
Week 2:



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Day
Rest
Rest
Night


Tuesday
Day
Rest
Rest
Night


Wednesday 
Day
Rest
Rest
Night


Thursday
Rest
Day
Rest
Night


Friday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Saturday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest


Sunday
Night
Day
Rest
Rest



 
Week 3:



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Tuesday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Wednesday 
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Thursday
Day
Rest
Rest
Rest


Friday
Day
Rest
Rest
Night


Saturday
Day
Rest
Rest
Night


Sunday
Day
Rest
Rest
Night



 
Week 4:



Day
Team 1 
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Rest
Night
Day
Rest


Tuesday
Rest
Night
Day
Rest


Wednesday 
Rest
Night
Day
Rest


Thursday
Rest
Night
Rest
Day


Friday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Saturday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day


Sunday
Rest
Rest
Night
Day



4-on-3-off
In a 4-on-3-off schedule, employees work four consecutive days, followed by three consecutive days off. This schedule follows a repeating pattern that spans 21 days, covering day, swing, and night shifts.



Note: Swing shifts occur in the afternoon and evening hours, so team members have to work later into the night. These employees usually have mornings or early afternoons free before starting their shifts.



Example
Let’s consider a retail store with six teams and assume that each team follows the 4-on 3-off pattern, with three shifts that rotate each week:

Day shift: 8:00am – 6:00pm
Swing shift: 2:00pm – 12:00am
Night shift: 10:00pm – 8:00am




Week
Team
Schedule / Day




Monday
Tuesday
Wednesday
Thursday
Friday
Saturday
Sunday


Week 1
Team 1
Rest
Day
Day 
Day
Day
Off
Rest


Team 2
Night 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Day
Day
Day


Team 3
Rest
Night
Night
Night
Night
Rest
Rest


Team 4
Swing 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Night
Night
Night


Team 5
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing
Swing
Rest
Rest


Team 6
Day
Rest
Rest
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing


Week 2
Team 1
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing
Swing
Rest
Rest


Team 2
Day
Rest
Rest
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing


Team 3
Rest
Day
Day 
Day
Day
Off
Rest


Team 4
Night 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Day
Day
Day


Team 5
Rest
Night
Night
Night
Night
Rest
Rest


Team 6
Swing 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Night
Night
Night


Week 3
Team 1
Rest
Night
Night
Night
Night
Rest
Rest


Team 2
Swing 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Night
Night
Night


Team 3
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing
Swing
Rest
Rest


Team 4
Day
Rest
Rest
Rest
Swing
Swing
Swing


Team 5
Rest
Day
Day 
Day
Day
Off
Rest


Team 6
Night 
Rest
Rest
Rest
Day
Day
Day



Continental shift pattern
The continental shift pattern schedule divides the workday into three shifts: morning, afternoon, and night, and typically involves four teams or groups to cover 24 hours of operation. The shifts rotate with two morning shifts, two swing shifts, and two night shifts, followed by two days off.
Example
Let’s consider a retail store that operates 24/7. To implement the continental shift pattern schedule, you’d divide employees into four teams (Team 1, Team 2, Team 3, and Team 4) and assign them to specific shifts: 
Morning shift: 6:00am — 2:00pm
Swing shift: 2:00pm — 10:00pm
Night shift: 10:00pm — 6:00am



Day
Team 1
Team 2
Team 3
Team 4


Monday
Morning shift 
Swing shift 
Night shift 
Off


Tuesday
Morning shift 
Swing shift 
Night shift
Off


Wednesday
Swing shift 
Night shift
Off
Morning shift 


Thursday
Swing shift 
Night shift 
Off
Morning shift 


Friday
Night shift 
Off
Morning shift
Swing shift


Saturday
Night shift 
Off
Morning shift
Swing shift


Sunday
Off
Morning shift 
Swing shift
Night shift 


Monday
Off
Morning shift 
Swing shift
Night shift



Overview of schedule types



Schedule
Definition
Benefits
Drawbacks
Ideal for


4-on 4-off 
Employees work 4 consecutive days, followed by 4 days off
Longer consecutive days off for employees
Long workdays can be physically demanding
Healthcare Manufacturing
Public safety


2-2-3 
Employees work 2 consecutive days, followed by 2 days off, and then another 3 consecutive days
Shorter working periods with good time off 
Frequent shift changes can disrupt routines
Transportation
Retail
Hospitality
Customer service


Dupont 
Employees work rotating shifts of days, evenings, and nights, usually in 8 or 12-hour shifts
Equitable distribution of shift types, easy to manage
Frequent shift changes may lead to frustration and fatigue
Transportation
Manufacturing
Services


4-on 3-off 
Employees work 4 consecutive days, followed by 3 days off
Longer consecutive days off for employees
Constantly changing schedule
Transportation
Retail
Healthcare


Continental shift pattern
Employees work a cycle of morning, swing, and night shifts, usually in 8 or 12-hour shifts
Faster rotation of shifts than other schedules
Frequent shift changes and fewer days off
Retail
Manufacturing
Logistics



4 tips to pick the right 24-hour shift schedule for your business
You’ll need to consider factors like:

Workload and staffing
Changes in starting and ending times
Length (e.g., eight-hour vs. twelve-hour shifts)
Equal workload distribution
Legal compliance
Costs

That way, you’ll ensure your employees are scheduled in a way that makes sense but still position teams to work as efficiently as possible and meet your unique business needs.
Let’s explore four easy steps to help you implement the right schedule for your business.
1. Think about the staffing needs for each kind of schedule
There’s no point in choosing a 24-hour shift schedule if you don’t have the staff or availability to make it work. So first, think about how many people you need on each shift throughout the day, taking into account peak hours vs. nighttime hours. 
For example, if your retail business experiences high customer traffic on weekends and during evenings, you’ll need to have enough staff scheduled during these periods. And if your current team can’t support your desired shift schedule, you can hire additional employees or discuss schedule adjustments with existing team members.
Homebase’s employee scheduling tool reduces these kinds of scheduling challenges. This feature can work with your point-of-sale system, predict when your busiest times will be based on past data, and let you schedule staff for those periods. You can also add annotations or notes to give more context to the data. 
For example, you might write under a specific workday: “Expected high customer volume due to local events,” or leave a note on an employee’s shift that says: “John prefers morning shifts.” That way, you can keep all information in one place and provide clarity to anyone viewing the schedule. 
Our auto-scheduling and employee time tracking tools also make it simple to set, manage, and follow time clock rules , so you won’t have to deal with paper schedules or timesheets . Homebase can make everything digital and automatic, which saves you time and avoids mistakes.
 
Homebase employee scheduling can help you stay on top of your employees’ roles, shifts, and availability every day. Source
 



Get to know our scheduling tool: If you learn better with video, discover how to create and manage shift schedules with Homebase below.




2. Consider employee needs and preferences
Different schedules affect staff in different ways. For example, a 4-on-4-off approach usually means longer workdays, which can lead to employee burnout. At the same time, a 2-2-3 schedule frequently changes work distribution, which might result in confusion.
Open communication is key. Ask team members questions like:

What type of shift schedule do you prefer? Some employees may prefer longer shifts with more days off, while others might like shorter shifts.
Do you have any commitments outside of work that could affect your availability? Understanding if people have family duties can help you create more accommodating schedules.
How much rest time do you need between shifts? Ensuring employees get enough rest can help maintain productivity, improve satisfaction, and prevent burnout.
What specific skills or expertise do you bring to your role? Try to balance skill levels and experience across all shifts to ensure smooth operations.

Use Homebase’s team communication app to send and approve quick requests, share important updates, accommodate people’s needs, and create shift schedules that respect their preferences and commitments. Plus, employees can also trade shifts and coordinate covers among themselves with minimal involvement from you.
The Homebase team communication app lets you connect with employees on the go and set up alert notifications. Source
3. Understand the implications of different shifts
Running a business around the clock means dividing your team into shifts. And each kind — day, swing, and night — brings unique challenges with it. For example, day shifts may conflict with personal commitments, like school runs or doctor’s appointments.
While swing shifts are convenient for employees with daytime obligations, they can disrupt social and family life as they often fall during dinner and bedtime hours. At the same time, night shifts can interfere with the natural sleep-wake cycle and increase the risk of fatigue and health issues. 
And don’t forget about the legal side of things. For example, if your business is in California and your team members work split shifts — which is a work arrangement that divides an employee’s work day into two shifts with a period of unpaid break in between — you’ll need to pay a split-shift premium . 
Homebase’s compliance tools help you follow the laws and regulations that apply to your business. Our platform can also connect you with a certified HR advisor, have an expert review your policies, and give you access to an extensive HR resources library full of templates, guides, and training. So, you’ll save time, prevent costly mistakes, and focus on your core business operations, all while knowing that your team is in good hands. 
4. Use data to inform your scheduling decisions
Relying on data can take your scheduling process from guesswork to a strategic approach that can significantly improve the way you manage your business.
Start by reviewing your sales and traffic data. For example, if you run a restaurant and notice a lunchtime rush every weekday, ensure you have enough staff scheduled to handle the demand. Similarly, if Tuesdays are typically slow, you might consider asking fewer team members to come in during that time.
Don’t overlook the importance of historical data, either. Did you need extra hands during the holiday season last year? Or did your summer sale result in a surge in traffic? Use this information to predict and prepare for future staffing needs.
Performance data is another valuable resource. Track metrics like employee punctuality and absenteeism rates. This can help you identify trends, reward high-performing staff, and address any issues promptly.
Transform your business with smart scheduling
Choosing the right 24-hour shift schedule is about far more than just assigning shifts. It’s a strategic process that can greatly impact employee productivity and efficiency, as well as overall business success.
Homebase offers a whole suite of tools that make it easy to manage and gain visibility into your team’s availability and performance. With our employee scheduling tool and team communication app , you can quickly create and adjust schedules on the fly or send updates about shift changes, important meetings, or company news directly to your team members’ phones. No more double-booking or last-minute scramble for replacements.
The best part? We have a plan that’s free for up to 20 employees at one business location. And it only takes a few minutes to set up an account, which gives you access to basic scheduling and time tracking, employee management tools like messaging, point-of-sale integrations, and access to email support.
Happy scheduling!







Run a better team with smarter scheduling.
Optimize your schedule and keep your team in sync with Homebase.



Simplify scheduling








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